Surgical extraction of impacted teeth

Impacted teeth are teeth that have not erupted into the oral cavity within the expected time frame, but remain trapped within the bone or soft tissues.

They are most commonly wisdom teeth (third molars), but can also be canines, premolars, or retained supernumerary (extra) teeth.

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Hirurška Ekstrakcija impaktiranih zuba

Apicoectomy and cystectomy – surgical tooth preservation

Apicoectomy and cystectomy are oral surgical interventions used when conventional endodontic therapy (root canal treatment) cannot completely resolve an infection or pathological process at the tip of the tooth root.

What is an apicoectomy?

An apicoectomy is a surgical procedure that involves removing the tip of the tooth root (apex) along with the surrounding inflamed tissue.

This procedure is most commonly performed when:

  • there is a persistent infection despite adequately treated canals
  • it is not possible to repeat endodontic therapy due to anatomical inaccessibility or the presence of obstacles in the canal (e.g., instrument fracture)
  • there is a chronic granuloma, cyst, or other periapical lesion

The procedure is performed under local anesthesia and includes an incision in the gums, removal of inflamed tissue, resection and removal of the root tip, retrograde filling of the canal (if necessary), and suturing of the wound. Recovery takes several days with standard postoperative care.

What is a cystectomy?

A cystectomy is the surgical removal of a cyst – a pathological cavity in the bone filled with fluid or semi-solid content, which arises as a result of long-term infection, trauma, or residual tooth tissue. These are most commonly periapical (radicular) cysts that form at the tip of a non-vital tooth.

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Frenulektomija u stomatologiji

Frenulectomy in dentistry

Frenulectomy is a minor oral surgical procedure that removes or modifies the frenulum – a thin mucosal fold connecting the lips or tongue to surrounding structures in the oral cavity. In dentistry, it is most commonly performed on:

  • the upper labial frenulum (between the upper incisors)
  • the lower labial frenulum (between the lower incisors)
  • the lingual frenulum (under the tongue)
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Soft tissue grafting in dentistry (SMAT and TVT methods)

Soft tissue grafting in dentistry is a key procedure in periodontology and implantology aimed at restoring lost or damaged mucosa and gums. This intervention is used to improve the aesthetic appearance, function, and health of the gums, especially in cases of gum recession, around implants, or in preparation for prosthetic work.

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Presađivanje mekih tkiva u stomatologiji

Gingivectomy – removal of excess gum tissue for health and smile aesthetics

Gingivectomy is a periodontal-surgical procedure that removes excess gingival (gum) tissue, most often for aesthetic or therapeutic reasons. This procedure is used to improve the appearance of the smile, accessibility of tooth structures, and to treat certain forms of periodontitis.

When is gingivectomy recommended?

Gingivectomy is applied in the following cases:

  • Gummy smile – a smile with too much visible gum, making the teeth appear “short”
  • Enlarged or thickened gingiva (due to medications, orthodontic therapy, hormonal changes)
  • Formation of so-called false periodontal pockets that hinder hygiene
  • As part of periodontal therapy for chronic gum inflammation.

The procedure can be performed for aesthetic reasons (e.g., gingival contouring) or as part of treatment to prevent periodontitis.

How is a gingivectomy performed?

A gingivectomy is performed under local anesthesia and can be carried out in several ways:

  • with a traditional scalpel
  • with electrosurgical instruments
  • with a dental laser – which allows more precise work, less pain, and faster recovery.

During the procedure, excess soft tissue is removed, the gingival contour is shaped, providing a better aesthetic appearance and easier oral hygiene maintenance.

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